Automatic machine tool assembly



June 19.8, 1935.

R. F. SANCHEZ El AL AUTOMATIC MACHINE TOOL ASSEMBLY Filed June 27, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 18, 1935. R. F. SANCHEZ ET AL AUTOMATIC MACHINE TOOL ASSEMBLY Filed June 27, 1934 3. Sheets-Sheet 2 ANPBaSiL/YI Z 2:110 a, w;

June 18, 1935. R. F. SANCHEZ El AL AUTOMATIC MACHINE TOOL ASSEMBLY III Patented June 18, 1935 UNl rs t rice Richard F. Sanchez and ease M. Zullo, Brooklyn, N, Y

Application June 27, 1934, Serial No. 732,684

10 Claims.

The present invention relates to machines and tools for the cutting of progressively diminishing or enlarging forms in plastic or solid materials.

The present invention is particularly suited to the manufacture of architectural forms such as columns, pilasters and the like which cannot at the present time be produced in machine shops, particularly where the forms include constructions having progressively diminishing or enlarging forms. It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide means whereby architectural forms may be quickly and uniformly produced.

Another object of this invention is to provide a device of this character which is automatic in operation and which can be readily combined with conventional planing machines or the like.

A further object of this invention is to provide a device of this character which can be used either as a separate article of machinery, automatic in operation, or which can be used as an adjunct to a conventional planer on which the device may be mounted.

This invention comprises an entirely new method of making forms, in that it produces its result by cutting rather than casting methods, and also a novel machine for carrying out the same.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description of an embodiment of this invention which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein,

Figure 1 is a detail side elevation, partly broken away, of a device constructed according to the preferred embodiment of this invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged front elevation of one of the cutting members.

Figure 3 is a front elevation, partly broken away and in section of the-device.

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the device.

Referring now tothe drawings, and first to Figure 1, the numeral It designates a base or .table which maybe of the movable type and forming a part of a conventional planer construction, the details of which are well known in the art. Mounted on the table Hi, and secured against movement in any desired manner, is a blank column, generally designated as C. The device which is hereinafter described is here shown as being used for the formation of a column of the Ionic type, but it is to be understood that the application of the device as hereinafter set forth is only one of a number of applications of the device, which may be easily and quickly changed by a rearrangement of the tools and toolholders and the controlling cam.

Disposed above the table it is a frame structure H, which in the present instance is stationary, being secured to the body of the planer (Cl. fit-24.3)

construction in any well known manner. In the present instance, the body or shaft of the column C is first turned so as to be substantially of the desired diameter and longitudinal configuration, and the column C is then fastened to the table it in a horizontal position. It will, of course, be understood that if desired the frame it may be of the movable type and in this case the table or base It will be stationary.

In order to out the fluting l2 in the periphery of the shaft of the column C, we have provided a pair of cutter members it which are of similar and complementary construction, and in the present instance are of spiral form, and are pivoted on a pin it carried by a vertically movable toothed rack it, which is slidable in guide means it and it secured to the front side of the frame ll. Vertical movement to the rack I5 is imparted by means of a pinion 58 mounted on a shaft Hi journalled in the frame III. The shaft it! at the end opposite from the pinion l8 carries a second pinion it which meshes with a horizontally and transversely movable toothed rack 52!, which is shown in Figure 3 and which is slidably carried by guides 22 secured to the frame M.

A pinion 23 is rotatably carried by the frame it and meshes with the rack 2i. This pinion constitutes a driving pinion whereby movement to the rack i5 is imparted, and the driving pinion 22-3 is rotated by means of a vertically movable rack bar 261 which is movable in guides 25 and 26 carried by the frame it. The rack receives its vertical motion, up and down, from a roller 2? carried by the lower end thereof, and which engages or rides over the surface of a cam 23? mounted on the table Hi. This cam 28 has a configuration coincident with the configuration of the entasis of the shaft of the column C, or any other desired profile, and it will be apparent that where different forms of architecture are being constructed the configuration of the cam 28 will be changed to suit the occasion. In other words, the traverse in a single movement of the table it! will cause the cutters M- to move up and down under the control of the cam 28.

A feed controlling toothed rack bar 29 is mounted on the front of the frame I l, preferably alongside the front of the rack l5, but is independently movable relative to the rack iii. The rack 29 has its lower end slotted as at 30, and one vertical side of the slot 38 is provided with teeth iii. A gear or pinion 32 which is mounted on a shaft 33 carried by the rack l5 meshes with the teeth of the rack section 3!. A pinion or gear 55 is secured to the shaft 33 and engages the teeth of a rack 35 formed in one side'of a slot 35 disposed in a slidable bar 31 which is disposed on the front side of the rack 29v adjacent the lower end thereof. This slide bar (-3! has a yoke 38 in the lower end thereof provided. with a substantially V-shaped slot 39 in which pins ii) slidably engage. The pins 4!) are secured one to each cutter i l, and the vertical movement of the slidable bar or yoke bar 31 will effect contraction or expansion of the cutters Hi. This contraction or expansion of the cutters i4 is caused by reason of the fact that during the traversing of the cutters i l over the column C the bar 29 is immovable. Therefore, when the rack bar i5 moves vertically under the control of the cam 28 the shaft 33 is likewise moved vertically, either up or down, and under the action of the gear 32 engaging the now stationary rack member the shaft 33 is rotated. The gear 32 is preferably of larger diameter than the gear 3-5, although of course this ratio may be changed at will for different architectural constructions. The rotation of the gear 34', which is fastened to the shaft 33 will thereby effectvertical movement of the yoke bar 3'1, and in this manner the movement in and out of the pins it in the V slot 39 will cause variation in the cutters I l, so that the size of the groove cut by these cutters i l may be increased or diminished progressively as the roller 2i rides over the cam 28.

In order to provide means whereby the cutters M may be gradually lowered, as where this device is used on solid material, so as to take a predetermined size cut in the material at each traverse of the cutters, we have provided an automatic feed mechanism including a horizontally slidable rack bar ll engaging in guides 62 carried by the frame H. A feeding pinion 43 is rotatably carried by the frame H and meshes with the rack ll. The rack 4! also engages with a pinion 44 secured to a shaft 44 and a pinion i l also on the shaft 44* meshes with the teeth of the rack 29. Rotation of the inion 43 is effected by means of a vertically movable toothed rack 45 slidably carried by the frame H in guides 46 and 4'].

The rack 45 has a toothed portion 48 on the lower portion thereof which has meshing therewith a pinion 59 carried by brackets 50 secured to the frame I l. A rock lever 5! is carried by the bracket 50, and one end thereof has a pawl 52 engaged with a ratchet 53 which is rotatable with the pinion 59. A lever tripping member 56 is mounted on the cam 28 at the desired point, so that when the table it! and the cam 28 arrive at substantially the end of their travel the tripping member 54 will engage the feeding lever 5i and rock this lever, thereby rotating the ratchet and pinion 59, and causing the upward movement of the feed controlling bar 45, which, through the gear (53, rack ll, gear M shaft 44 and gear 44 will cause downward movement of the rack bar 29. The number of the ratchet teeth will determine the depth of the out.

In the use and operation of the device hereinbefore described, the blank column C is secured to the table it, and the cam 26 mounted in position for engagement with the roller 27. Assuming as an example that the table it moves relative to the frame H, as the rollers follow the contours of the cam 28, which are similar to the surface of the article confronting the cutters i l, the rack Zl will move up and down and effect rotation ofthe pinion 23. Rotation of the pinion 23 will horizontally move the rack bar 25, which will in turn effect rotation of the pinion 22].

Upon rotation of the pinion 20 the rack bar I5 will move up and down through engagement therewith of the pinion I8. As the rack bar l5 moves vertically the yoke bar 31 will be moved relatively in the opposite direction and at a slower rate by reason of the reduced pinion 34. In this manner the cutting members are contracted and expanded progressively. When the cutting operation has been completed the flutes will be of progressively increasing or decreasing sizes, and at all points along the length of the flutes they will each be truly or substantially semi-circular in transverse section, although the width and depth of the flutes will vary along the length thereof.

Where it is desired to use the device herein described with plastic instead of solid materials, a plate 55 is used, which is disposed rearwardly of the lower end of the rack l5. This plate 55 is secured to a yoke 56 disposed on the lower end of a toothed rack 5?. The rack 5'! meshes with a gear 58 carried by the shaft 19 and preferably the gear 58 is of larger diameter than the gear it, so that the rack 5'! will move agreater distance in the rotation of the gear 58 than the rack i5 moves in the rotation of the gear I 8, so as to keep the fillet concentric with the flute diameter.

This plate 55 which has as a cutting edge for the fillet a portion of an arithmetic spiral, is so 3 shifted about its spiral center by the closure action of the machine so as to produce a truly or a substantially semi-circular cross section of the column so as to keep the column within classic dimensions. the height of the fillets between the flutings.

Thus, a series of traverses results in a series of feed motions imparted to 29. In this manner, the tools can be elevated above the work and fed to it by the reciprocating motion of the planer bed in a positive and automatic manner. In short, by making the racks 24 and 45 adjustable in length, as shown by M and 45 the work can be set up on the planer bed; the tools elevated above the work; the racks adjusted to the necessary length; and the machine can be started. All operations, from this point on, are automatic Within the device. The feed mechanism takes care of the depth of each cut and the tool mechanism takes care of the profile of the cut.

Various adaptations of this device are both practical and advisable. The number and position of column flutes may be altered. at will by shifting the tool positions and by providing suitable idler pinions such as 44* and m In the case of pilasters, the form of the tool frame is rectangular with rectangular shaped tools to form the sides of the pilaster and circular (spiral shaped) cutters to form the flutes. a diminishing nature may also be formed by selecting the proper sized tools to be fastened to l 3 and All. Columns made without fillets may be manufactured by using semicircular shaped, nonrotating tools, which interlap and form a series of arc-sectioned, diminished flutes. Complex profiles may be also made by using the proper tools in conjunction with the necessary profile cam. Once the work is set up in the machine, all the various processes above described are carried out automatically within the device.

By architectural in the specification and claims, we desire it to be understood, that other forms than those strictly architectural can be used. For instance, the invention is equally ap- This plate 55 is adapted to control V slots of plicable to machine work which cannot be accomplished by present standard machine practice; one example of this would be the cutting of a diminished spleened tapered shaft, as used in propeller shafts.

It is, of course, understood. that various changes and modifications may be made in the above specifically described embodiment of this invention, such changes being limited only by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a cutting means including a pair of pivoted cutters, supporting means for supporting said cutting means in operative position relative to an article to be worked upon, means for shifting said cut ting means relative to the article simultaneous with the movement of the article relative to said cutting means, and means operable simultaneous with the shifting of said cutting means for adjusting said cutters relative to each other.

2. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a cutting means including a pair of pivoted cutters, supporting means for supporting said cutting means in operative position relative to an article to be worked upon, a cam means movable with the article, means engaging said cam means and said cutting means to shift said cutting means relative to the article simultaneous with the movement of the article relative to the cutting means, and means operable by said cam means for shifting said cutters relative to each other during the movement of the article relative to the cutting means.

3. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a pair of pivoted cutters, means for supporting said cutters in operative position relative to an article to be worked upon, means for shifting said cutters relative to the article and to each other simultaneous with the movement of the article relative to the cutters, and means for progressively feeding said cutters toward the article.

4. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a pair of pivotally connected cutters for removing'material from the surface of an article to be worked upon, supporting means for said cutters for supporting said cutters for movement relative to the article, a cam having a configuration coincident with the configuration of the article, a follower engageable with said cam, connecting means for connecting said follower with said cutters whereby to move said cutters relative to the article simultaneous with the movement of the article relative to said cutters, and means for moving said cutters relative to each other during the movement thereof relative to the article.

5. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising pivoted cutters for forming a predetermined configuration on the surface of an article, supporting means for supporting said cutters for movement toward or away from the article, a cam having a configuration coincident with the configuration of the surface of the article, a follower adapted to engage said cam, connecting means connecting said follower with said cutters whereby to move said cutters relative to the article and relative to each other simultaneously with the movement of the article beneath said cutting means, and means active when said cutters reach the end of its traverse over the article to move said cutters in the direction of the article.

6. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a pair of cutting members pivotally secured together, means for supporting said cutting members for movement toward or away from an article to be worked upon, a cam movable with the article and having a configuration coincident with the surface of the article engaged by said cutting members, members engaging said cam and said cutting means for holding said cutting members in a predetermined position relative to the surface of said article and to each other, and means for progressively changing the position of said cutting members relative to the article.

'7. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a pair of pivoted cutting members, a frame, means for slidably mounting said cutting members for movement relative to the frame and to an article to be Worked upon and relative to each other, means for maintaining said cutting members in a predetermined position relative to the article during the movement of the article relative to the cutting members, and means for feeding said cutting members progressively toward said article while simultaneouslly moving said cutting members relative to each other.

8. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a pair of cutting members pivotally secured together,

a frame, means for slidably mounting said cutting members for movement relative to the frame and to an article to be worked upon and relative to each other, a cam having a configuration coincident with the surface of the article, a follower engaging said cam, mounting means for supporting said follower for movement over the cam, and gear means engaging said follower mounting means and said cutting members mounting means to maintain said cutting members in a predetermined position relative to the article and to each other.

9. A means for progressively increasing or decreasing architectural forms comprising a pair of cutting members, means for pivotally securing said cutting members together, a frame, means for slidably mounting said cutting members for movement relative to the frame and to an article to be worked upon, means for shifting said cutting members as a unit upon movement of the article relative to said cutting members, and means active upon movement of the cutting members as a unit relative to the article to shift said cutting members relative to each other.

10. A means for progressively increasing and decreasing architectural forms comprising two cutting members, means for pivotally securing the members together, means for moving said members as a unit relative to an article to be worked upon, and means for shifting said members relative to each other during the traverse of the members over the article.

RICHARD F. SANCHEZ. BASIL M. ZULLO. 

